Seminars
First Symposium on Psychonautics: Utopy & Inebrantia
11th - 16th of December, 2023
Conguillío, Chile
This meeting is an initiative of the Lobeliana Foundation together with Manuel Constantino Torres, supported by Giuliana Furci and Jonathan Ott, to bring together researchers with a long history, contemporary scholars and local representatives of the shamanic world (native peoples) on the study, practice and understandings of psychonautics, shamanism, psychopharmaceuticals and ecstasy from its multiple facets. The purpose is to create an atmosphere of exchange between Latin American researchers and their equivalents in Europe, United States, United Kingdom, Africa and Australia, and to address issues that help to understand the possibilities of applying shamanic techniques and the use of psychoactive drugs to contemporary life. in western society.
The guests at the symposium belong to a multidisciplinary background, coming from anthropology, archaeology, chemistry, ethnobotany, art and art history, music, dance and others. In this way, we will be able to investigate psychonautics and shamanism not as separate and distinct phenomena, but as unifying phenomena that must be considered based on the specific needs and circumstances that gave rise to their formation and from a contemporary, perhaps privileged point of view, which makes it possible for us to contemplate the totality and diversity of shamanic expressions.
The intimate knowledge of an individual about himself, his community, his living
space, is probably the most relevant lesson that we can extract from a investigation on this subject. From the point of view of shamanic ideologies we can learn how to develop an intimate knowledge of our immediate environment as an entity full of patterns with which we can become familiar, and faced with the reopening of work with psychoactives, incorporate conscious practices of navigating the unknown. that appears when crossing the “veil” of what is understood as real through the threshold of the ecstatic. Such knowledge brings with it and demonstrates the interconnection of all the elements that compose it. Indigenous cultures around the world, over the centuries have cleverly developed concepts of what is appropriate for them and their environment at any given time.
A gathering like this onewill allow us to explore into our global traditions and what strategies to follow to determine what is appropriate for our time and place, and not simply imitate indigenous cultures. Both shamanic technologies and Western manifestations can help answer these questions about our own culture. We shall explore the different aspects of shamanism, psychonautics, psychopharmaceuticals and ecstasy which could be applied to our current life, with immediate communication, capable of instantly retrieving all kinds of information and the opportunity to move across the planet in a few hours.
Click names below to see more information on the speakers...
GIULIANA FURCI
“Ancestral relations between fungi and humanity: revealing symbiosis.”
BIOGRAPHY:
Giuliana Furci is a field mycologist, founder and executive director of Fundación Fungi. She is a Harvard University Associate, National Geographic Explorer, Dame of the Order of the Star for Italy, Vice Chair of the IUCN Fungal Conservation Committee, and author of several titles, including a series of field guides on fungi from Chile and co-author of titles such as the first State of the World’s Fungi report (Kew, 2018); the publication that defines the term “funga” and Proposal 3F: Fauna, Flora and Funga. Giuliana has held consulting positions with philanthropic foundations in the United States, as well as full-time positions with international and Chilean non-profit organizations dedicated to marine conservation. She is a member of the Board of Directors of the Fauna Action Foundation and of the Advisory Council of the Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN), among other organizations. Giuliana has received several honors, including the 2022 Buffett/National Geographic Latin American Conservation Leadership Award, the 2022 Gordon and Tina Wasson Award from the Mycological Society of America, and the President’s Award from the International Society for the Conservation of Fungi in 2013.
STACY SCHAEFER
“In the Presence of the Gods: Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) in the life of the Wixáritari (Huicholes) of Mexico”
BIOGRAPHY:
Stacy B. Schaefer, Ph.D. is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Anthropology at California State University, Chico (CSUC) and former Co-Director of the Museum of Anthropology (CSUC).
Dr. Schaefer has been conducting ethnographic field research with the Wixárika (Huichol Indians) of Mexico since 1977 and members of the Native American Church in the United States from 1993-2015. Her research has focused on traditional beliefs and practices revolving around the use of the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) and its consciousness-altering abilities. She is co-editor with Peter T. Furst and a contributor to the book “People of the Peyote, Huichol Indian History, Religion and Survival”, 1996. Dr. Schaefer also published the book “To Think With a Good Heart: Wixárika Women, Weavers and Shamans”, 2002, with a second edition of the book in 2015 titled “Huichol Women, Weavers and Shamans”. From 1991 to 1999 she was an assistant and associate professor at Texas Pan American University along the Texas-Mexico border, during which time she conducted extensive field research among federally licensed Mexican-American peyote dealers and members of the Native American Church (NAC). This work culminated in “Amada’s Blessings from the Peyote Gardens of South Texas,” published in 2015 by the University of New Mexico Press, winner of three literary awards in 2016. Currently, Dr. Schaefer has been interviewing cannabis growers and dealers to his research on the cannabis culture of Humboldt County, CA. She lives there on the Pacific coast among redwoods, ferns, and rhododendrons with her botanist husband and two wonderful cats.
ABSTRACT:
The Wixáritari (Huichol Indians) in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains of western Mexico continue to practice ancient peyote traditions dating back to pre-Columbian times. Although the Wixáritari have integrated elements of the outside world into their lives, peyote remains at the forefront, at the center of their traditional beliefs and practices. This presentation provides information about the relationship they have with peyote throughout their lives. Peyote’s influence can begin in utero through the mother’s ingestion of peyote, or during infancy through breast milk. Peyote can also be consumed in childhood, in adolescence as a rite of passage, and during adulthood. It can be an allied plant that helps shamans, master craftsmen or musicians to harness the vast dimensions of the Wixárika cosmos. And peyote is always present in the afterlife, where the souls of the deceased travel to heaven over Wirikuta, the sacred desert of peyote. The experiences with peyote that the Wixáritari have had, and the interpretations they have shared with the author, show how peyote is experienced and integrated into people’s lives. The biomedical literature on peyote/mescaline and how it interacts with the body will also be included in the discussion to provide a broader perspective for understanding this traditional way of life.
VERONICA LEMA
“Psychoactive plants and somatonautic artifacts: towards a kinetic perspective from the archeology of the Argentine Northwest”
BIOGRAPHY:
Verónica Lema is an anthropologist and archaeologist with experience in ethnobotany. She is a CONICET researcher in Argentina and works and teaches at the National University of Córdoba. She has been researching for more than twenty years in the Argentine Northwest (with field experiences also in Bolivia and Peru) and is interested in the relationships between people and plants based on archaeological and ethnographic records.
CLAUDIA MÜLLER-EBELING
“Witchcraft, forbidden plants and demonized shamanism in Europe”
BIOGRAPHY:
Claudia Müller Ebeling studied art history, cultural anthropology, German literature and Indology in Freiburg, Hamburg (Germany), Paris (France) and Florence (Italy). She received her Ph.D. for a doctoral thesis on visionary art and the French symbolist Odilon Redon. Her main focus of interest is visionary art, altered states of consciousness, shamanism, and ethnobotany. She did fieldwork on the knowledge of healing plants in the Caribbean (Guadeloupe) and the Seychelles. As well as a long-term study (18 years) on shamanism in Nepal combined with expeditions to Korea and the Peruvian Amazon. She worked as an art historian at the Hamburg Museum of Arts and Crafts, she was editor-in-chief of DAO, a magazine on Far Eastern philosophies and martial arts. She is the co-author, with Christian Rätsch and others, of “Witches Medicine” (published in German in 1998), “Shamanism and Tantra in Nepal” and “Lexicon on Aphrodisiacs” 2002). She is a member of the advisory board of the “European College for the Study of Consciousness” (ECSC) and co-organizer of the “Psychoactivity” conferences on altered states of consciousness. She lives as an independent scientist and author in Hamburg, Germany.
ABSTRACT:
A German art historian and anthropologist, she illustrates the legacy of European goddesses like Hekate and Freya and why they were demonized as witches. In her talk, she will shed light on witchcraft in paints and plants (eg why henbane and mandrake are considered “dangerous”). Like almost all the plants of the gods thus prohibited throughout the world. She will look at the misunderstood history of shamanism, along with healing rituals and an eye toward how sacred plants and witchcraft could be used wisely again.
CARLO BRESCIA
“The coca says that the hill fell due to heat”: testimonies about a threatened practice and epistemology.
BIOGRAPHY:
Carlo Brescia was born in Lima and has lived in the city of Huaraz for more than 20 years. He is a filmmaker, writer, researcher, teacher, communicator, and independent consultant. With interdisciplinary studies in Engineering (Universidad de Lima 1999, title 2006), Master’s Degree in planning and project Management (Bradford University/England 2003), internship in Management for Cultural Development (Center for the Overcoming of Culture/Cuba 2005), Master’s degree in Cultural Anthropology and Cultural Studies (Catholic University of Leuven/Belgium 2009) and Diploma in Creative Documentary (Autonomous University of the State of Morelos/Mexico 2010). He directs and is a founding member of the non-profit cultural association Vasos Comunicantes since June 2004, an institution dedicated to the design and implementation of intercultural and educational projects for sustainability. Likewise, he investigates in an inter and transdisciplinary way the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar.
He was coordinator of the First International Anadenanthera Symposium in the city of Cusco in 2013, of the Andean Festival of Visionary Art and Sustainability in Huaraz in 2014 and co-organizer of the Festival of Culture, Consciousness and Sustainability in Huaraz in 2016. He directed the bilingual magazine Culturas Sustentables desde la Peripheria since 2005, having published 15 editions. He has made more than 15 audiovisual projects that explore the Andean world, body awareness, and the paradigm shift. These have been screened in the Americas, Europe, Oceania and Asia, and are part of UNESCO’s multimedia archives. In 2015 he presented a conference on the ethnobotany of the Chavín de Huántar culture at the VIII Colombian Botanical Congress in Manizales and in 2016 at the XIX Argentine National Archeology Congress in Tucumán. He has written and published in 2017 a book of stories about the Chavín de Huántar worldview. He has participated and co-organized events related to the Andean culture of Ancash in Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Belgium, Brazil, Spain, Mexico and Panama.
In February 2020 he published a book on the Medicinal Plants of the Cordillera Blanca. In addition to his work in Vasos Comunicantes, he is co-leader of the WikiAcción Peru project that seeks to close the encyclopedic content gaps on the Wikimedia Foundation’s platforms related to human rights related to ecology, gender and culture.
JONATHAN OTT
“On Idiosyncratic and «Idiot-syncratic» Terminology for Psychoptic Drugs”
BIOGRAPHY:
Jonathan Ott is a writer, phytochemist, and ethnopharmacognosist (a word coined to describe his own profession). He is currently dedicated to literature; he has written thirteen books, including: Pharmacotheon: Entheogenic Drugs, Its Botanical Sources and History [1993, 1996]; Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangeic Entheogens [1994, 1995, 2006]; Pharmacophilia, or natural paradises [1997, 1998]; Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines [2001; a Spanish version is coming soon]; and Coca und Kokain [in German, with Christian Rätsch, 2003; forthcoming in English and Spanish versions]. His most recent book (and second literary work) is Mute Words. Silent Specters of Speech / Sigil–Skeletons of Sound: The Ecstasy of Speech (still unpublished: it will also be written in Spanish; and published in both languages). He is currently working on a second volume for Pharmacophilia: Pharmacomania, or Mr. Jekyll and Dr. Hyde: The Literary Creation of “Addicts” and “Alcoholics” to be released in Spanish and English: the first, as part of a series of his books in deluxe editions. He also plans to publish seven titles in Spanish and English, as e-books.
ABSTRACT:
We will review the origins and etymologies (and lexicographical definitions) of words to describe visionary or psychoptic drugs, with special attention to pejoratives like hallucinogenic (misconstructed as hallucinogenic: both for noun and adjective) and their synonyms psychedelic and psychotomimetic; and since they are not apt, to describe the shamanic intoxicants (by definition: entheogens, or entheogenic species); nor to characterize its use in contemporary medicine (viz.: ‘Psychedelic Medicine’; ‘Psychedelic Renaissance’). We’ll end with a more appropriate word: psychoptic (“of mind or soul vision”; according to The Oxford English Dictionary). We will also see my suggestions to extend the alphabets, with obsolete phonemes; and ways to mitigate the sexism intrinsic to our languages.
DONNA TORRES
DRAWING AND PAINTING WORKSHOP CONGUILLIO
BIOGRAPHY:
Donna Torres earned undergraduate and graduate degrees in painting and drawing from the University of New Mexico and Florida International University, USA. Her drawings and paintings reflect her interest in medicinal plants and shamanism. Donna’s works have been exhibited in Chile, the US, and other countries. She has taught art workshops in the US, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, and Nepal. Her next solo exhibition will be The Radiance of Proximity, at Miami International Airport, Florida, USA, October 2023. Donna Torres retired from Florida International University where she worked in the art department as an Adjunct Professor of Painting and Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden where she taught botanical art.
DRAWING AND PAINTING WORKSHOP CONGUILLIO
This workshop will focus on drawing and/or painting local plants. One of the best ways to learn about this unique ecology is through observing its natural world. You will learn the basics of botanical art as we draw and paint local plants. Basic instruction in watercolor and graphite will be given.
DALE MILLARD
“Medicine plants and patterns in animism”
BIOGRAPHY:
Dale Millard is a naturalist and biodiversity explorer, with diverse interests and experience in fields ranging from herpetology to ethnobotany. His interest in the study of snake venoms for drug development led him later to study the chemistry and use of medicinal plants. Dale has lived and traveled in Indonesia, Brazil, and African countries and has worked with traditional healers in these areas, documenting their use of medicinal plants. He has maintained a lifelong interest in the healing role of entheogens and continues to document their use in little-explored regions of the world. Dale has a special interest in growing medicinal plants and mushrooms and has taught numerous workshops related to agroforestry and Plant-Based Primary Health Care. He is a contributing author of the books Ethnobotanical Quest for Psychoactive Drugs: ESPD 50 and ESPD55 published through Synergetic Press. He currently works as an ethnobotanist and advisor to Neuromindbiopharma, a biotech company that researches new psychoactive and plant compounds to develop new medicines.
ELISA GUERRA DOCE
“The demonization of plant drugs in Europe during antiquity: chronicle of a process from an archaeological perspective”
BIOGRAPHY:
Elisa Guerra Doce is Professor of Prehistory at the University of Valladolid, Spain, since 2013. She has been Visiting Professor at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, between 2022 and 2023, developing a project on altered states of consciousness and differentiation in the Iberian Peninsula during the Copper Age. One of her lines of research is focused on the role that psychoactive substances (vegetable drugs and fermented drinks) played in the social dynamics of prehistoric communities in Europe during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age This is a subject that has not yet been explored in the field of European Prehistoric Archaeology. In her research, Elisa considers the objective of culturally framing the use of these substances addressing the contextual analysis of the spaces of production and consumption from a multidisciplinary approach in which various sources of information are integrated (material culture, archaeobotanical remains, artistic manifestations, written references, anthropological parallels, ethnobotany and chemical analysis). One of her achievements in this field has been the detection of polydrug use of plant drugs in a Spanish site from the Late Bronze Age dated around 1000 BC from the chemical analysis of hair, a study that has received great media attention because it is the first test of drug use in prehistoric Europe.
ABSTRACT:
Throughout the planet, Anthropology offers many examples of the role that psychoactive substances have played in many cultures for thousands of years. In the case of Europe, the antiquity of certain fermented beverages is widely assumed, not in vain that wine is one of the hallmarks of the Greco-Latin world. However, the same does not occur with respect to herbal drugs even though archaeological documentation offers good evidence in this regard, which go back at least to the Neolithic. Although already in the V century B.C. Herodotus referred to the consumption of Cannabis among the Scythians, and in the texts of the classical authors there are mentions of various plant species with psychoactive properties, it is still surprising inside and outside the academic world to verify the use of this type of plant by the prehistoric communities of the Old World. In this talk we intend to reflect on this circumstance, searching the archaeological record for evidence of a supposed demonization of herbal drugs or, at least of certain psychoactive species.
CONSTANTINO MANUEL TORRES
(Spanish)
“Taíno, Greater Antilles
First Encounters of American shamanism with Europeans
ca. 1300 – 1550 AD”
ABSTRACT
The earliest descriptions of the use of visionary plants in the Americas refer to smoking of tobacco and inhalation of powdered seeds of Anadenanthera peregrina by the Taínos of the Greater Antilles (Pl. 13; Colombo 1992; Las Casas 1909; Oviedo 1959; Pané 1974). Taíno is the appellative given to the Arawakan speakers that occupied the Bahamas, most of the Greater Antilles and the Virgin Islands at the time of first contact with Europeans (1492). This work presents a brief description of the botany and use of this plant by indigenous cultures of the Andes and the Amazon. Following is a search of early colonial literature (Pané [1974], Las Casas [1909]), and the iconographic information represented in snuffing paraphernalia.
BIOGRAPHY
Constantino Manuel Torres has conducted research on ancient cultures of the South Central Andes since 1982. His work has focused on the oases of San Pedro de Atacama. Torres is also involved in the study of the art of Tiwanaku, the most important pre-Inca Andean civilization.
His books include Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America (2006), a comprehensive and detailed study of this sacred plant of well-documented ritual use for at least 4,000 years. He has published numerous articles on the ancestral cultures of Atacama and Bolivia in magazines from Chile, the United States and Europe. Torres has received three Fulbright Scholarships for the study of pre-Columbian art.
Dr. Torres is professor emeritus of art history at Florida International University in Miami. He teaches courses on Pre-Columbian Art of the Andes, Art and Shamanism, Pre-Columbian Art of Mesoamerica, Art and Identity Themes, among others.
MONICA GAGLIANO
(English)
LUIS EDUARDO LUNA
“Animism: the resurgence of an ancestral paradigm in the contemporary world.”
BIOGRAPHY:
Luis Eduardo Luna is director of the Wasiwaska, Research Center on Psychointegrative Plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness, in Florianópolis, Brazil. He is also a member of Department of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter.
ABSTRACT:
At a time of so much confusion in our globalized world, with the multiple problems that afflict us, from the rapid disappearance of a large part of the species of plants, animals and fungi on our planet, to the constant threat of nuclear war, all problems perhaps derived from a markedly mechanistic vision of the world. A search is necessary both towards the past and towards those societies that have preserved alternative worldviews, such as animism. Animism, which is neither philosophy nor religion, is based on direct interrelation with the various manifestations of what we call nature. It recognizes the existence of non-human people, both among the multiple biotic beings, as well as in geological phenomena (volcanoes, lakes, rivers, glaciers) or meteorological phenomena (storms, lightning, winds, floods, droughts). On the other hand, scientists specialized in the study of animal and plant intelligence are astonishing us with their discoveries about the complexity and variety of cognition in non-human species, so it is possible to recognize the existence of a certain convergence between these two approaches to the natural world. At the same time, some philosophers wonder if the only way to overcome Cartesian dualism and reach a certain understanding of what consciousness is, would not be the acceptance of some kind of panpsychism, including the idea of the primacy of the mental over the material. I will explain here some examples of animism, especially related to the use of sacred plants such as the yakoana (Virola elongata), peyote or ayahuasca, I will indicate some studies on animal and plant intelligence, and finally I will present the reflections of some philosophers who have dealt with of the problem of consciousness.
JAVIER ECHEVERRIA
PRESENTATION
(Spanish)
“Chemistry in service of archeology of psychoactive plants: a southamerican view”
BIO
Dr. Javier Echeverría is an associate professor, director of the Master’s Degree in Chemistry and director of the Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products at the University of Santiago de Chile. His research interests focus on the chemistry of natural products oriented to Archaeological Chemistry (application of mass spectrometry to the study of human prehistory), ethnopharmacology (phytochemical study and pharmacological properties of plants used as foods and/or medicines by South American ethnic groups) and Medical Chemistry (design, development and synthesis of new molecules with pharmacological properties for the study of their mechanisms of action and possible applications in human health). He is the author of more than 200 scientific articles and book chapters published in relevant magazines and publishers in the area. He currently serves as editor-in-chief of the Ethnopharmacology section of the scientific journal Frontiers in Pharmacology and member of the board of directors of the International Society of Ethnopharmacology (ISE), as well as a member of the editorial board of various scientific journals.
DENNIS MCKENNA
“Speculations on the Antiquity of Human Consciousness”
BIOGRAPHY:
Dennis McKenna’s research has focused on the interdisciplinary study of Amazonian ethnopharmacology. He has conducted extensive ethnobotanical fieldwork in the Peruvian Amazon.
His doctoral research (University of British Columbia,1984) focused on the ethnopharmacology of ayahuasca and oo-koo-he, two tryptamine-based hallucinogens used by indigenous peoples in the Northwest Amazon. He is a founding board member of the Heffter Research Institute, and was a key organizer and participant in the Hoasca Project, the first biomedical investigation of ayahuasca. He is the younger brother of Terence McKenna. From 2000 to 2017, he taught courses on Ethnopharmacology and Plants in Human affairs in the Center for Spirituality and Healing at the University of Minnesota. In 2019, in collaboration with colleagues, he incorporated a new non-profit, the McKenna Academy of Natural Philosophy. He emigrated to Canada in the spring of 2019 together with his wife Sheila, and now resides in Abbotsford, B.C.
ABSTRACT:
Consciousness is something that most people know from subjective experience but might find difficult to define. There is a general consensus that being conscious involves being awake and aware, and having a subjective sense of self-hood. Introspection, which implies an internal state of awareness, seems to be an essential element of consciousness, as does the ability to apprehend the external world through sensory receptors and to interpret that information in a way that is meaningful, and that fits within some kind of conceptual framework of self-awareness. Another characteristic of consciousness (and perhaps the most essential one) is the ability to generate and comprehend abstractions or symbols, and to relate them meaningfully to what is experienced via sensory channels, and to fit them into our conceptual framework of self-hood. Consciousness is at least all of the above; and may be much more but this will serve as a working definition.
While the definition of ‘consciousness’ remains a slippery concept, there seems to be little doubt that artistic expression – the ability to project abstract or esthetic concepts into the real world — is critically dependent on consciousness. Only conscious beings create art. So when it comes to addressing the question, ‘how old is consciousness?’ it seems that the only way to even hope to answer this question is to examine the oldest known evidence for human artistic expression. My talk will focus on some of the most ancient examples of human artistry that have been found in the archeological record and will seek to examine this evidence to shed light on the antiquity of human consciousness.
CLAUDIO MERCADO
“Opening Worlds, Cracking Skies. Flutes and States of Consciousness in Central Chile”
BIOGRAPHY:
Claudio Mercado was born in Viña del Mar, Chile in 1962. He has a degree in Anthropology with a minor in Archeology, and a Master’s in Musicology, both obtained at the University of Chile. He has participated in numerous archeology, anthropology and ethnomusicology projects, focusing his research on central Chile and the indigenous communities of Alto Loa, northern Chile. He is the author of books and documentary videos, all of them related to ethnomusicological research. He is the creator and manager of the Audiovisual Archive of the Chilean Museum of Pre-Columbian Art, where he works as head of the Intangible Heritage Area. He is the founder and director, along with José Pérez de Arce, of the experimental music group La Chimuchina.